It is always smart to save for the future – especially for your retirement. An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) is supposed to help you do just that, so you can live comfortably in retirement. To keep you from dipping in early, there are strict rules about when you can access the money. Typically, you’ll need to wait until you’re at least 59 ½ to withdraw the cash. If you dip into your IRA before then, you will face a 10% penalty unless you qualify for an exception. Keep in mind that although an early withdrawal may be allowed, it is not the best move, so explore other options first. If you are still thinking about cashing out your IRA, here are some ways to do it penalty-free.
Disability
One in four adults in the U.S. are living with a disability. If you become permanently disabled and can no longer work, you can make penalty-free withdrawals from your IRA. However, you must be able to provide proof of your mental or physical disability from your doctor.
Pay for college
According to the College Board, average four-year college tuition fees are $10,940 for the 2022-23 academic year. That number jumps to $39,400 for students attending private colleges. With those price tags, it’s no surprise that many parents dip into their retirement accounts to try to cover the expense. The good news is you won’t be penalized for doing so. You can use the funds to send yourself, your spouse, children or grandchildren to college. The money must be used to pay tuition, fees, books, supplies or room and board.
Buy your first home
When you are ready to buy a home, experts suggest putting a 20% down payment. Unfortunately, most people don’t have that much cash readily available, so they turn to their retirement accounts. First-time homebuyers can withdraw up to $10,000 ($20,000 if you’re married and your spouse is also a first timer) to buy, build or rebuild their first home. The IRS defines a first-time buyer as someone who hasn’t owned a home in the last two years. If your home purchase or construction is canceled or delayed, you must put the money back into your IRA within 120 days to avoid taxes and the penalty.
Pay off your medical bills
If you have out-of-pocket medical expenses that are not covered by insurance, you may be able to make a penalty-free withdrawal. To qualify, the money must be used to pay unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.
Get health coverage while unemployed
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, around 5.9 million people are out of work. While being unemployed is stressful enough, most people also lose their health insurance when they lose their job. While there may be other things you’d rather buy with your money, going without health coverage can be an expensive mistake if you get sick or injured. So don’t skip it. If you are unemployed for at least 12 weeks, you can use the funds from your IRA to pay for health insurance for you and your family. To qualify, you must meet the following criteria:
- You lost your job
- You received unemployment compensation for 12 consecutive weeks
- You took the distribution the same year you received unemployment compensation or the following year
- You receive distributions for no more than 60 days after going back to work
Wait until you reach age 59 ½
Dipping into your retirement account early isn’t a great idea. You will miss the chance to earn more compound interest and have less money when you retire. If you want to avoid the 10% early withdrawal penalty, the best thing to do is be patient and leave the cash alone. When you are age 59 ½ you can start making withdrawals without penalty or let the money continue to grow. However, there are some exceptions to the early withdrawal rule such as for corrective distributions. Contributions to a Roth IRA account may also be withdrawn early without a penalty. Other exceptions to the 10% penalty rule are permissive withdrawals if enrolled in an auto plan, qualified higher education expenses, and health insurance premiums that were paid out during unemployment. Military active duty also may qualify for penalty free distributions, as well as separation of service for employees after they reach 55 years of age.
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